You can save 44% on taxes up to around ~€10k per year as an employee with a basis pension
The maximum amount that you should put into a basis pension as an high earning employee is €10,714 per year, or €893 per month. If you're a high earner this can correspond tax savings over €4,700, or around 44%. After this amount there are no more tax savings.
How we work this out
As an employee you get €27,566 of tax free contributions to your statutory and basis pension plans combined. This means that whatever is left after your public insurance contributions you can use for your basis pension plan.
If you are a high-earning employee and your salary is above the contribution assessment ceiling (in 2024: €90,600), you pay €16,852 into the statutory pension insurance scheme in western Germany.
€27,566 of tax free contributions
€16,852 into the statutory pension insurance
€27,566 - €16,852 = €10,714 per year tax efficiently into the basis pension
So you can pay €10,714 per year tax efficiently into the basis pension. (If you're in eastern Germany, this amount is €10,938 euros due to the slightly different public pension contribution)
In both cases, you can save over €4,700 in income taxes. We highly recommend talking to your tax advisor for your personal situation.